Genetic News Weblog

Whenever a person begins to experience and recognize his or her own symptoms of cancer, the signs can definitely create a lump in the throat at just the thought of a malignancy diagnosis and then the likely ensuing cancer treatments. This concern is even intensified at the prospect of cancer in the bladder.

Bladder cancer symptoms are very basic - blood in the urine and a sudden change in urination habits. So why, then, are so many instances of the disease going undiagnosed?

Approximately 54,300 new cases of bladder cancer are diagnosed in the U.S. every year, and over 12,000 people die of the disease. It is the sixth most common cancer in the country. And though the five-year survival rate sits at an impressive 81 percent, the chances for full recovery are dramatically improved if the disease is caught early.

This is why understanding and detecting bladder cancer symptoms is so critical. To learn more about the different symptoms associated with the disease, along with possible risk factors - keep reading.

Evidences and Signs Associated with Bladder Cancer

Bloody Urine: The primary symptom of bladder cancer is blood in the urine. While bloody urine can often be an indicator of other bladder problems (kidney cancer, kidney stones, bladder infections), it’s almost always exhibited in patients diagnosed with bladder cancer.

Urination Patterns: Most people diagnosed with bladder cancer complain of a frequent urge to pee, possible urinary incontinence and difficulty making it through the night without having to use the bathroom multiple times. Unfortunately, most patients with bladder cancer are older and don’t recognize this symptom as a potential indicator of a more serious problem.

Risk Factors for Bladder Cancer

Smoking: Like many cancers, smoking tobacco products is a major cause. In fact, smokers are twice as likely to develop the disease. Among men, smoking is the cause of 50% of bladder cancer deaths. In women, that number drops to 30%.

Cancer-causing substances (carcinogens) in tobacco smoke are absorbed from the lungs and get into the blood where they are filtered by the kidneys and concentrated in the urine.

Exposure at the Work Place: Aromatic amines, types of industrial chemicals which are often used in the dye industry, are considered a major cause of bladder cancer.

Other industries that use organic chemicals can also put workers at an increased risk - for example, rubber makers, leather factories, textiles and paint and printing companies.

Race: Bladder cancer is typically more common in Caucasians than other races.

Age: The risk for developing bladder cancer increases with age. The average age for those diagnosed with the disease is around 68 years. Meanwhile, less than 1% of bladder cancer patients are age 39 and under.

Chronic Bladder Problems: Patients who have a long-term history of kidney stones, urinary infections, bladder stones or other forms of chronic bladder irritation may be at an increased risk for developing bladder cancer.

If the risk factors listed above apply to you, it’s important that you be able to not only recognize bladder cancer symptoms (bloody urine, changing urination habits), but that you also act on them and seek the advice of a physician.

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The prospect of facing a cancer diagnosis after agonizing over the recognition of disconcerting symptoms is troubling enough for anyone. But when it’s your own child dealing with similar concerns and the weighty decisions associated with potential cancer treatments, this is harder still. And unfortunately, malignancies among children are not so uncommon.

Childhood osteosarcoma is a rare cancer, though the 6th most common type of cancer in children aged 14 and under. The disease is the most frequented form of malignant bone cancer and affects approximately 900 people every year, 400 of whom are children.

What Leads to Osteosarcoma

Unfortunately, the causes behind osteosarcoma are not known. Theories exist about environmental triggers such as fluoride in drinking water or exposure to radium.

Symptoms Associated with Osteosarcoma

The first complaint or symptom that most patients experience is pain at the tumor location - typically this discomfort is more severe at night. Large tumors can often look like swelling. Another feature is that the bone affected by the cancer is frequently weaker and more susceptible to fracture.

Over 50% of all cases of childhood osteosarcoma occur around the knee area.

Risk Factors Associated with Osteosarcoma

Age

The risk of osteosarcoma is highest during the teenage “growth spurt” period. Since children with osteosarcoma are often tall for their age, some researchers believe there may be relationship between rapid bone growth and the risk for developing the disease.

Gender of the Patient

Osteosarcoma typically occurs in males and is seen twice as frequently as in young women.

Radiation

If a patient has been subjected to radiation treatment for other cancers or conditions, they will have a higher risk of contracting the disease.

Other Bone Diseases

Patients who have suffered from other bone diseases, like Paget’s disease of the bone, have an increased risk of being diagnosed with osteosarcoma. Typically though, this occurs in adults and is rare with children.

Genetics

Children with inherited and rare cancer syndromes, like retinoblastoma, are more prone to developing childhood osteosarcoma.

Types of Osteosarcoma

There are three sub-types of osteosarcoma that can be recognized by how they appear on X-rays and under a microscope. Some of these sub-types have a better prognosis than others.

The sub-types are high grade, which is a conventional, small cell and high grade surface development of the disease; intermediate, which is periosteal; and low grade, which is parosteal and characterized by low grade intrasseous.

How Osteosarcoma is Treated

Osteosarcoma is occasionally treated with surgery - at which point the afflicted limb or a portion of the afflicted limb is amputated. Usually, the patient or parents of the patient choose to use the same surgeon for both the biopsy and the therapeutic surgery.

Patients or the parents of patients should consult with their surgeon about the best method and how best to remove the cancer while saving as much use of the affected arm or leg as possible.

Despite the prevalence of surgery, most cases of childhood osteosarcoma are treated with chemotherapy in conjunction with surgery. There are a variety of drugs used in osteosarcoma chemotherapy programs, with each dose determined by the individual patient and disease.

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All skin care is not created equally and women’s skin care differs from that of children and men, and among women, skin care even differs at various stages of life but with regards of skin moles, there is only one type of remedy on how to get rid of moles naturally but why need to eradicate of body moles?

It is accepted that having a mole on your shoulder can also make you good-looking and can make you feel sexy. Do you remember a former model who made made it to the top, not only in the fashion world but also in showbiz and was even hailed as one of the most beautiful woman that has graced the face of the Earth and she has a mole sitting prettily on top of her upper lip? Do you remember her? She does look striking and sexy, right? But why is that there are many people out there who considered this beauty prop as a risk to one’s health especially to the skin?

According to many people, moles are dark protrusions, sometimes ugly irregularities in the skin. Moles are benign skin tumors that can appear anywhere on your skin especially when you are nearing 20s or is now beyond that age especially over-the-hill age. They can be brown or black in color and could appear alone or in groups. During the phases of your life, they can grow and protrude more. There are even other moles that can have some hairs on them. Some would vanish and others would still be there but there is one important thing that you should know when you have these protrusions and this important thing that you will later learn is the rationale why some would want to learn how to get rid of skin moles in many in a lot of ways. Some might feel self-conscious about their looks, while others have skin irritation as a result and this is what you need to put in your mind.

Although they are not a hazard to your health, they can be pre-cancerous in time and could lead to Melanoma, a type of skin cancer that begins growing on lesions like these. Here are some of the things that you should watch out. If it becomes irregular, as in, a half of a mole is different to the other half of it and the edges became coarse or if the other half of it also becomes elevated than the other half, then, you should begin to think about eliminating it. You can either go to your dermatologist or you can grab some knowledge about home remedies for removing skin moles and the best source that can give you the best home cure is this book by Chris Gibson called “No More Moles, Warts Or Skin Tags”. The therapy outlined here are so good that the author was even featured on several talk shows including “AM Arizona Show”, “Fox 29 News First”, CW’s “Daily Buzz” and Canada’s “The A Channel Morning Show” and a lot of people are already very much aware that this should be the “bible” for those who wanted to remove their moles in the most natural and safest way possible. Here is a news item from the Birmingham News regarding Chris and his book: “This author (Chris Gibson) has written several books on alternative health and wellness approaches. He says we should not just accept moles, warts, or skin tags when we don’t have to, especially if they are in a painful place or just plain painful to look at. Chris shares about his own personal experiences of trying to have them removed with mainstream procedures 90% of the population uses without long-term results. He also provides us with his findings to an all-natural program to permanently remove moles, warts, or skin tags. This book is informative and easy to understand. The methods Chris recommends are simple, effective, and easy to follow. It is good to know there is a natural solution to these nagging little problems.”

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At some basic level, we all have an underlying fear of facing cancer in any form, from the identification of abnormal symptoms to the dreaded diagnosis of cancer, and then dealing with cancer treatments. Well, imagine being a mere child and facing the prospect of that same set of steps with Neuroblastoma.

Neuroblastoma stage 4 is the most advanced stage of the neuroblastoma cancer. It means that the disease has spread to other areas of the body, like the liver or bone marrow, and the prognosis is not always good.

If your child has been diagnosed with stage 4 neuroblastoma, keep reading for more information about the disease, survival rates, risk factors, and common treatments.

About Neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma is the most common form of cancer in infants and the third most typical cancer for children. However, there are only 650 cases of the disease diagnosed each year in the United States. Ninety percent of those cases are discovered in children under the age of 7.

About 30% of all neuroblastoma cases begin in the adrenal glands, another 30% start in the ganglia of the abdomen’s sympathetic nervous system, and the majority of the remainder begin in the neck’s sympathetic ganglia, chest or pelvis.

Survival Rates

The five-year survival rate for infants (under the age of 1) is 83%, while it is 55% for children between the ages of 1 to 4, and 40% for older children.

But children with stage 4 neuroblastoma normally have much lower survival rates. They hover between 50% and 80% for infants (under a year old) and drop to 15% for children over the age of 1.

Treatment for Neuroblastoma Stage 4

Children at high risk, such as those diagnosed with stage 4 neuroblastoma, often require very intensive chemotherapy and possibly surgery, and stem cell transplants for marrow support. First, surgery is used to remove the tumor, but then chemotherapy must be employed for the remainder of the spread cancer cells.

In many cases of stage 4 neuroblastoma, chemotherapy is the only option after surgery to eradicate all the cancer cells. The drugs most often used include vincristine, etoposide, topotecan, cyclophosphamie and cisplatin.

In certain cases, particularly when the cancer has spread too far to be completely removed by surgery - as is the case with the fourth stage of neuroblastoma - chemotherapy is the primary treatment.

Bone Marrow Transplantation and Blood Stem Cell Transplantation

High-intensity chemotherapy can destroy bone marrow completely. Without marrow, new blood cells won’t develop. To solve this problem, children with neuroblastoma are often treated with high-intensity chemotherapy and then must undergo a bone marrow transplantation or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation.

Radiation Therapy

Typically, radiation treatments are used as a final attempt to kill any remaining neuroblastoma stage 4 cells after surgery on an affected area.

However, in many instances of late-stage and advanced neuroblastoma, it’s rarely used unless it’s implemented as a pain-management tool or in conjunction with chemotherapy.

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